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Vitamin pills don't cut lung cancer risk: Study
2008-02-29
People who take vitamin supplements are just as likely as those who don't to develop lung cancer, and vitamin E supplements may actually slightly raise the risk, researchers said on Friday. Their study involved 77,721 people in Washington state ages 50 to 76, tracking their use over the prior decade of supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E and folate to see if this would offer protection from lung cancer. None of the vitamins looked at in the study was tied to a reduced risk of lung cancer. In fact, people who took high doses of vitamin E, especially smokers, had a small but statistically significant elevated risk, the researchers said. "If you could find some sort of magic pill -- a pill you could take once a day to decrease your risk -- that would be ideal. But we obviously, unfortunately, didn't find that in our study," lead researcher Dr. Christopher Slatore of the University of Washington in Seattle said in a telephone interview. The people in the study were followed for four years and 521 developed lung cancer, the vast majority of them smokers or former smokers, Slatore's team reported in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. "Some estimates are that around 50 percent of the American public takes supplemental vitamins of some sort. There's been a lot of thought about: 'do these supplements actually prevent chronic diseases like lung cancer, other cancers, heart disease?"' Slatore said. VALIDATING OTHER STUDIES The research did not look at beta-carotene, but previous work showed that people taking beta-carotene supplements, particularly smokers, had a higher risk of developing lung cancer than those who did not. In those in the new study who developed lung cancer, the researchers saw a small increased risk associated with vitamin E supplements in addition to the expected links to smoking, family history and age. This amounted to a 28 percent increased risk of developing lung cancer for those taking vitamin E supplements at a dose of 400 mg daily for 10 years, the researchers said. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, thought to protect body tissue from damage caused by so-called free radicals, which are unstable substances that can harm cells, tissues and organs. It also is important in the formation of red blood cells. "For folks -- especially smokers -- I would definitely recommend that they not take vitamin E (as a supplement) unless they have a very strong reason to take it," Slatore said. The notion that vitamin supplements are healthful, or at least not harmful, arises from the desire of many people to match the benefits of a healthful diet with a convenient pill, Dr. Tim Byers of the University of Colorado School of Medicine wrote in an editorial accompanying the study. "Over the past two decades, we have been repeatedly disappointed in the ability of vitamin supplements to reduce risk for cancers at several sites, including the stomach, colorectum, breast and lung," Byers wrote. "Foods that are rich in vitamins seem to be associated with reduced risk of cancer, but vitamins packaged as pills clearly do not have the same effect," Byers added. (Editing by Maggie Fox)
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